Azerbaijan introduces new train line

The launch of this new train route shines a spotlight on Azerbaijan, an often-overlooked destination located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Bordered by the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains, and ancient Silk Road routes, the country blends old-world history with striking modern development. Its capital, Baku, is known for its mix of medieval architecture — including the UNESCO-listed Icherisheher (Old City) — and bold contemporary landmarks like the Heydar Aliyev Center and the flame-shaped Flame Towers that dominate the skyline.

Beyond the capital, Azerbaijan’s landscapes are remarkably diverse. The northern regions are home to the Greater Caucasus Mountains, offering alpine scenery, ski resorts, hiking trails and traditional mountain villages, while other parts of the country feature semi-desert plains, forests and even mud volcanoes — Azerbaijan has more of them than any other country in the world. These natural contrasts make it an appealing destination for travelers interested in both outdoor adventures and cultural exploration.

Azerbaijan is often referred to as the “Land of Fire,” a nickname rooted in its natural gas reserves and centuries-old fire-worship traditions linked to Zoroastrianism. Sites like the Ateshgah Fire Temple and the continuously burning hillside Yanar Dag reflect this deep historical connection. At the same time, the country has played a major role in the global energy industry and was one of the world’s earliest oil-producing nations, shaping its rapid modernization in recent decades.

Despite its rich heritage, varied geography and relatively affordable travel costs, Azerbaijan remains less visited than many neighboring countries. Improved rail connections like this new mountain route aim to boost regional tourism, make travel more sustainable, and encourage visitors to explore beyond Baku into lesser-known but equally captivating parts of the country.